Version of 2012-04-22

Wersja polska • Bilanguage version • Wersja dwujęzyczna

Grzegorz Jagodziński

Abbreviations and Symbols

Languages and dialects

• Aeol. – Aeolic,
• Akk. – Akkadian,
• Alb. – Albanian,
• Anatol. – Anatolian,
• Arab. – Arabic,
• Aram. – Aramaic,
• Arm. – Armenian,
• Att. – Attic,
• Av. – Avestan,
• Bavar. – Bavarian,
• Bret. – Breton,
• Bruss. – Belorussian,
• BS – Balto-Slavic,
• Bulg. – Bulgarian,
• Burm. – Burmese,
• Burush. – Burushaski,
• Chin. – Chinese (Mandarin),
• Chuv. – Chuvash,
• Class. – Classic,
• Corn. – Cornish,
• CS – Church Slavonic,
• CSl. – Common Slavic,
• Cypr. – Cypriote,
• Cz. – Czech,
• Dan. – Danish,
• Dor. – Doric,
• Drav. – Dravidian,
• Du. – Dutch,
• Eng. – English,
• ESl. – East Slavic,
• Eth. – Ethiopian (Geez),
• Fin. – Finnish,
• Fr. – French,
• FU – Finno-Ugric,
• Galic. – Galician,
• Gaul. – Gaulish,
• Georg. – Georgian,
• Germ. – (Modern High) German,
• Gmc. – Germanic,
• Goth. – Gothic,
• Gr. – Greek,
• Greenl. – Greenlandic,
• Hbr. – Hebrew,
• Hitt. – Hittite,
• Hom. – Homeric,
• Hung. – Hungarian,
• Ic. – Icelandic,
• IE – Indo-European,
• Illyr. – Illyrian,
• Ion. – Ionic,
• Ir. – Irish,
• It. – Italian,
• Jap. – Japanese,
• Kurd. – Kurdish,
• Kush. – Kushitic,
• Lat. – Latin,
• Latv. – Latvian (Lettish),
• Lesb. – Lesbian,
• Lith. – Lithuanian,
• LSorb. – Lower Sorbian
• Luw. – Luwian,
• Lyc. – Lycian,
• Manch. – Manchurian,
• M (as the first element of the abbreviation) – Middle,
• MHG – Middle High German,
• Mid. – Middle,
• Mod. – Modern,
• ModLG – Modern Low German,
• Mong. – Mongolian,
• Myc. – Mycenean,
• NG – Nordic, North Germanic,
• Norw. – Norwegian,
• O (as the first element of the abbreviation) – Old,
• Occit. – Occitan (Provençal);
• OCS – Old Church Slavonic,
• OE – Old English (Anglo-Saxon),
• OHG – Old High German,
• ON – Old Nordic,
• OS – Old Saxon,
• Osk. – Oskian,
• Oss. – Ossetic (Iron),
• PBS – Proto-Balto-Slavic,
• PCelt. – Proto-Celtic,
• Pers. – Persian,
• PG – Proto-Germanic,
• PGr. – Proto-Greek,
• Phryg. – Phrygian,
• PIE – Proto-Indo-European,
• Pol. – Polish,
• Port. – Portuguese,
• Pruss. – (Old) Prussian,
• PS – Proto-Slavic,
• PSem – Proto-Semitic,
• Rom. – Romanian,
• Russ. – Russian,
• Ruth. – Ruthenian,
• S-Cr. – Serbo-Croatian,
• Scott. – Scottish (Gaelic),
• Sem. – Semitic,
• Sin.-Cauc. – Sino-Caucasian,
• Skr. – Sanskrit,
• Slvk. – Slovak,
• Slvn. – Slovene,
• Span. – Spanish,
• Sum. – Sumerian,
• Swed. – Swedish,
• Thrac. – Thracian,
• Toch. – Tocharian (A),
• Tung. – Tungusic,
• Turk. – Turkish,
• Turkm. – Turkmen,
• Ved. – Vedic,
• Venet. – Venetian,
• Udm. – Udmurt,
• Ukr. – Ukrainian,
• USorb. – Upper Sorbian
• Umbr. – Umbrian,
• Vulg. – Vulgar, Popular (Latin),
• Wel. – Welsh,
• WSl. – West Slavic.

Abbreviations

• abl. – ablativus, ablative,
• acc. – accusativus, accusative,
• adj. – adjectivum, adjective,
• cl. – class,
• cons. – consonantal (declension type),
• dat. – dativus, dative,
• decl. – declension, declension type,
• dial. – dialectal,
• f – feminine (gender),
• f. – form,
• f-obj. – feminine-objective (form),
• gen. – genetivus, genitive,
• ins. – instrumentalis, instrumental,
• irreg. – irregular, irregularly,
• lit. – literally,
• loc. – locativus, locative,
• m – masculine (gender),
• m₁ – masculine-personal (gender),
• m₂ – masculine animate (gender),
• m₃ – masculine inanimate (gender),
• m-anim. – masculine animate (gender),
• m-inanim. – masculine inanimate (gender),
• m-pers. – masculine-personal (gender),
• nm-pers. – non-masculine-personal (form),
• nom. – nominativus, nominative,
• perh. – perhaps,
• perf. – perfectum, perfect (tense),
• pl. – pluralis, plural,
• pl.t. – plurale tantum, used only in plural,
• subst. – substantivum, substantive (incorrectly: noun),
• substs. – substantives,
• t.s. – the same (meaning).

Symbols

• ъ – back yer (yor),
• ь – front yer,
• ǫ – OCS nasal o,
• x – OCS velar spirant, like Polish ch,
• > – “changed into”,
• < – “has come from”.