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In the following table national letters used in Polish spelling are presented, together with symbols used for phonological and phonetic transcriptions for recordings of the Polish language in the Slavistic alphabet (AS) and in the IPA system. Unicode codes of the symbols in the decimal and hexadecimal systems are also given. Interpunction marks, §, etc. have been omitted.
| Code | Meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 16 | ||
| international characters in Polish spelling | |||
| A | 65 | U+0041 | central low vowel [a] (front low vowel [ä] between soft consonants) |
| a | 97 | U+0061 | |
| B | 66 | U+0042 | voiced labial stop [b], palatalized [b′] (also [p] when assimilated) |
| b | 98 | U+0062 | |
| C | 67 | U+0043 | voiceless dental affricate [c], palatalized [c′], [ć] ([ʒ] when assimilated), ch [x x́ γ], cz [č ǯ č′] |
| c | 99 | U+0063 | |
| D | 68 | U+0044 | voiced dental stop [d], palatalized [d′], [t ḍ]; dz [ʒ ʒ́ dz ʒz c], dż [ǯ č ǯ′ ḍž ǯž], dź [ʒ́ ć dź ʒ́ź] |
| d | 100 | U+0064 | |
| E | 69 | U+0045 | front mid vowel [e] (mid-high [ė] between soft consonants) |
| e | 101 | U+0065 | |
| F | 70 | U+0046 | voiceless labio-dental fricative [f], palatalized [f′] (also [v] when assimilated) |
| f | 102 | U+0066 | |
| G | 71 | U+0047 | voiced velar stop [g] or prevelar stop [ǵ] (also [k] when assimilated) |
| g | 103 | U+0067 | |
| H | 72 | U+0048 | voiceless velar or prevelar fricative [x], [x́] (also [γ]); in borderland pron. [γ γ́ x], [ɦ ɦ′ h] |
| h | 104 | U+0068 | |
| I | 73 | U+0049 | front high vowel [i], [j], [ji] (after a vowel), palatalization of the preceding consonant |
| i | 105 | U+0069 | |
| J | 74 | U+004A | palatal semivowel [j] |
| j | 106 | U+006A | |
| K | 75 | U+004B | voiceless velar stop [k] or prevelar stop [ḱ] (also [g] when assimilated) |
| k | 107 | U+006B | |
| L | 76 | U+004C | alveolar lateral [l], palatalized [l′] |
| l | 108 | U+006C | |
| M | 77 | U+004D | labial nasal [m m̦], palatalized [m′] |
| m | 109 | U+006D | |
| N | 78 | U+004E | dental nasal [n] or alveolo-palatal nasal [ń] ([n̦ ṇ ń ŋ́ ŋ w̃] when assimilated) |
| n | 110 | U+006E | |
| O | 79 | U+004F | back mid rounded vowel [o] (mid-high [ȯ] between soft consonants) |
| o | 111 | U+006F | |
| P | 80 | U+0050 | voiceless labial stop [p], palatalized [p′] (also [b] when assimilated) |
| p | 112 | U+0070 | |
| Q | 81 | U+0051 | only in words of foreign origin |
| q | 113 | U+0071 | |
| R | 82 | U+0052 | alveolar vibrant [r r̦], palatalized [r′]; rz [ž š rz] |
| r | 114 | U+0072 | |
| S | 83 | U+0053 | voiceless dental fricative [s], palatalized [s′], [ś] (also [z] when assimilated); sz [š ž] |
| s | 115 | U+0073 | |
| T | 84 | U+0054 | voiceless dental stop [t], palatalized [t′] (also [d ṭ] when assimilated) |
| t | 116 | U+0074 | |
| U | 85 | U+0055 | back high rounded vowel [u], between soft consonants [ü], semivowel [w] |
| u | 117 | U+0075 | |
| V | 86 | U+0056 | only in words of foreign origin |
| v | 118 | U+0076 | |
| W | 87 | U+0057 | voiced labio-dental fricative [v], palatalized [v′] (also [f] when assimilated) |
| w | 119 | U+0077 | |
| X | 88 | U+0058 | only in words of foreign origin |
| x | 120 | U+0078 | |
| Y | 89 | U+0059 | central high unrounded [y] |
| y | 121 | U+0079 | |
| Z | 90 | U+005A | voiced dental fricative [z], palatalized [z′], [ź] (also [s] when assimilated) |
| z | 122 | U+007A | |
| national characters | |||
| ó | 211 | U+00D3 | [u] (in Old Polish [ȯ]) |
| ó | 243 | U+00F3 | |
| Ą | 260 | U+0104 | nasal diphthong [ow̃] (also [om on oṇ oń oŋ́ oŋ o] when assimilated) |
| ą | 261 | U+0105 | |
| Ć | 262 | U+0106 | voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate [ć] (also [ʒ́] when assimilated) |
| ć | 263 | U+0107 | |
| Ę | 280 | U+0118 | nasal diphthong [ew̃] (also [em en eṇ eń eŋ́ eŋ e] when assimilated) |
| ę | 281 | U+0119 | |
| Ł | 321 | U+0141 | labiovelar semivowel [w w̦], in older pronunciation velarized dental lateral [ł ł̦] |
| ł | 322 | U+0142 | |
| Ń | 323 | U+0143 | alveolo-palatal nasal [ń ń̦] (also [j̃] when assimilated) |
| ń | 324 | U+0144 | |
| Ś | 346 | U+015A | voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative [ś] (also [ź] when assimilated) |
| ś | 347 | U+015B | |
| Ź | 377 | U+0179 | voiced alveolo-palatal fricative [ź] (also [ś] when assimilated) |
| ź | 378 | U+017A | |
| Ż | 379 | U+017B | voiced alveolar affricate [ž] (also [š] when assimilated) |
| ż | 380 | U+017C | |
| symbols used in transcription | |||
| c | 99 | U+0063 | IPA: voiceless palatal stop (incorrectly AS [ḱ]) AS: voiceless dental affricate (= IPA [ʦ̑]) |
| h | 104 | U+0068 | IPA/AS: voiceless laryngeal fricative AS: (imprecisely) voiced (= IPA [ɦ]) |
| x | 120 | U+0078 | IPA/AS: voiceless velar fricative (= AS [χ]) |
| ã | 227 | U+00E3 | IPA/AS: nasal a (= AS [ą]) |
| ä | 228 | U+00E4 | AS: front a (= IPA [æ] or [a̟]) |
| æ | 230 | U+00E6 | IPA: front a (= AS [ä]) |
| ç | 231 | U+00E7 | IPA: voiceless palatal fricative (incorr. AS [x́]) |
| õ | 245 | U+00F5 | AS: nasal o (= AS [ǫ], IPA [ɔ̃]) |
| ü | 252 | U+00FC | AS: advanced (central) u (= IPA [ʉ]) |
| ą | 261 | U+0105 | AS: nasal a (= IPA [ã]) |
| č | 269 | U+010D | AS: voiceless alveolar affricate (= IPA [ʧ̑]) |
| ė | 279 | U+0117 | AS: narrow e (= IPA [e]) |
| ę | 281 | U+0119 | AS: nasal e (= IPA [ɛ̃]) |
| ĩ | 297 | U+0129 | IPA/AS: nasal i (= AS [į]) |
| į | 303 | U+012F | AS: nasal i (= IPA [ĩ]) |
| ŋ | 331 | U+014B | IPA/AS: nasal velar sonorant |
| š | 353 | U+0161 | AS: voiceless alveolar fricative (= IPA [ʃ]) |
| ũ | 361 | U+0169 | IPA/AS: nasal u (= AS [ų]) |
| ų | 371 | U+0173 | AS: nasal u (= IPA [ũ]) |
| ž | 382 | U+017E | AS: voiced alveolar fricative (= IPA [ʒ]) |
| ǫ | 491 | U+01EB | AS: nasal o (= IPA [ɔ̃]) |
| ǯ | 495 | U+01EF | AS: voiced alveolar affricate (= IPA [ʤ̑]) |
| ȯ | 559 | U+022F | AS: narrow o (= IPA [o]) |
| ȵ | 565 | U+0235 | IPA: nasal alveolo-palatal sonorant (= AS [ń]) |
| ɔ | 596 | U+0254 | IPA: half-open back rounded vowel (=AS [o]) |
| ɕ | 597 | U+0255 | IPA: voiceless alv.-palatal fricative (= AS [ś]) |
| ɛ | 603 | U+025B | IPA: half-open front vowel (= AS [e]) |
| ɟ | 607 | U+025F | IPA: voiceless palatal stop (incorrectly AS [ǵ]) |
| ɦ | 614 | U+0266 | IPA/AS: voiced laryngeal fricative |
| ɨ | 616 | U+0268 | IPA: high unrounded central vowel (= AS [y]) |
| ɫ | 619 | U+026B | IPA: velarized dental lateral (= AS [ł]) |
| ɲ | 626 | U+0272 | IPA: nasal palatal sonorant (incorrectly AS [ń]) |
| ʃ | 643 | U+0283 | IPA: voiced alveolar fricative (= AS [š]) |
| ʉ | 649 | U+0289 | IPA: high central rounded vowel (= AS [ü]) |
| ʎ | 654 | U+028E | IPA: palat lateral (incorrectly AS [l′]) |
| ʑ | 657 | U+0291 | IPA: voiced alveolo-palatal fricative (= AS [ź]) |
| ʒ | 658 | U+0292 | IPA: voiced alveolar fricative (= AS [ž]) AS: voiced dental affricate (= IPA [ʤ̑]) |
| ʝ | 669 | U+029D | IPA: voiced palatal fricative (incorr. AS [γ́]) |
| ʣ | 675 | U+02A3 | IPA: voiced dental affricate (= AS [ʒ]) |
| ʤ | 676 | U+02A4 | IPA: voiced alveolar affricate (= AS [ǯ]) |
| ʥ | 677 | U+02A5 | IPA: voiced alveolo-palatal affricate (= AS [ʒ́]) |
| ʦ | 678 | U+02A6 | IPA: voiceless dental affricate (= AS [c]) |
| ʧ | 679 | U+02A7 | IPA: voiceless alveolar affricate (= AS [č]) |
| ʨ | 680 | U+02A8 | IPA: voiceless alv.-palatal affricate (= AS [ć]) |
| ʲ | 690 | U+02B2 | IPA: palatalization (= AS [′]) |
| ′ | 697 | U+02B6 | AS: palatalized consonant (= IPA [ʲ]) |
| ́ | 769 | U+0301 | AS: soft cons.: [ḱ ǵ x́ γ́ ʒ́] (= IPA [ ̟] or [ʲ]) |
| ̃ | 771 | U+0303 | IPA/AS: nasal vowel: [ɛ̃ ẽ ɔ̃ ɨ̃] (= AS [ ̨]) |
| ̇ | 775 | U+0307 | AS: vowel with higher articulation: [ė ȯ] |
| ̑ | 785 | U+0311 | IPA: arch in affricates [ʦ̑ ʣ̑ ʧ̑ ʤ̑ ʨ̑ ʥ̑] |
| ̟ | 799 | U+031F | IPA: fronted articulation (= AS [ ́]) |
| ̣ | 803 | U+0323 | AS: alveolar articulation: [ṭ ḍ ṇ] (= IPA [ ͇]) |
| ̥ | 805 | U+0325 | IPA: voiceless articulation (= AS [ ̦]) |
| ̦ | 806 | U+0326 | AS: voiceless articulation (= IPA [ ̥]) |
| ̨ | 808 | U+0328 | AS: nasal vowel: [y̨] (= IPA [ ̃]) |
| ̯ | 815 | U+032F | AS: semivowel ([i̯] = IPA [j]; [u̯] = IPA [w]) |
| ͇ | 839 | U+0347 | IPA: alveolar articulation (= AS [ ̣]) |
| ͡ | 865 | U+0361 | IPA: arch in affricates [t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ] |
| γ | 947 | U+03B3 | IPA/AS: voiced velar fricative |
| χ | 967 | U+03C7 | AS: voiceless velar fricative (= IPA [x]) |
| ẽ | 7869 | U+1EBD | AS: nasal e (= AS [ę], IPA [ɛ̃]) |
| ỹ | 7929 | U+1EF9 | AS: nasal y (= AS [y̨], IPA [ɨ̃]) |
2008-02-21